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IN THIS ISSUE:
» How Active EMI Filter ICs Reduce Common-Mode Emissions In Single- And Three-Phase Applications (Part 4): Loop-Gain Analysis
» A Guide To Designing Your Own Rogowski Sensor (Part 3)
» Letter to the Editor: The Laplace Transform Is Not Generally Applicable To Functions That Are Nonlinear Or Time Variant
» Focus On Magnetics:
Power Magnetics Component Roundup
» Power Products
» Industry Event: Sensors Converge 2024
» New on How2Power.com
» Other Top Power News
From the Editor's Desk David G. Morrison
Editor, HOW2POWER TODAY
Advances in humanoid robots such as Boston Dynamics’ fully electric Atlas and Unitree’s H1 demonstrate how far the latest generation of these machines has come in being able to mimic and in some ways surpass a human’s ability to move, perform manual tasks and interact with environments or people. With AI expanding the robots’ potential to learn and adapt, they are poised to take on roles in industry, performing jobs that are physically difficult, repetitive or situated in environments hostile to humans. A video by Jarett Gross on “Every Humanoid Robot 2024” surveys developments in this industry. But what are the prospects for these robots in terms of real applications? A market report released a few months ago by Goldman Sachs, predicts that “the global market for humanoid robots could reach $38 billion by 2035” with deliveries of these robots projected to reach 1.4 million units during this same period. Those figures have jumped from the firm’s previous projections and in explaining why, Goldman Sachs Research relates that “the manufacturing cost of humanoid robots has dropped—from a range that ran between an estimated $50,000 (for lower-end models) and $250,000 (for state-of-the art versions) per unit last year, to a range of between $30,000 and $150,000 now”. While much of the current industry discussion concerning these robots relates to their use of AI, it’s obvious that their hardware requirements are much more diverse. They include the power electronics for battery management, powering of circuits and sensors, and driving of the many motors required for linear and rotational motion. As with other emerging e-mobility applications, the robots’ need for small size, light weight and high efficiency in power circuitry should be the usual catalysts for further development of WBG power devices, power ICs, and reference designs. But given the complexity of humanoid robots and the tasks they will be asked to perform, the development of power technology for these applications is likely to have some unique twists.
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HOW2POWER EXCLUSIVE DESIGN ARTICLES 
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How Active EMI Filter ICs Reduce Common-Mode Emissions In Single- And Three-Phase Applications (Part 4): Loop-Gain Analysis
by Timothy Hegarty, Texas Instruments, Phoenix, Ariz.
Part 1 of this article series provided an overview of active EMI filter (AEF) techniques to diminish the reliance on bulky passive filter components. Parts 2 and 3 discussed behavioral models to characterize the impedance of ferrite and nanocrystalline chokes, respectively. Deriving a choke model is an essential step and of significant importance in EMI filter designs, as the choke impedance directly impacts filter attenuation as well as stability performance in active designs. To this end, the fourth installment of this series examines small-signal stability by deriving loop-gain expressions for a feedback-type, voltage-sense current-inject (FB-VSCI) AEF circuit implemented using an IC. To validate the proposed analytical approach, the article concludes with simulations and experimental measurements applied to a three-phase EMI filter suitable for an automotive onboard charger (OBC) application.
Read the article…
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From a generalized CM noise model, a
Thevenin-equivalent load impedance
is derived and then incorporated into
this AEF circuit model, which is used
for loop-gain analysis. |
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The Rogowski sensor was simulated in LTspice
using square wave, sine wave and triangular
wave currents at different duty cycles and
frequencies up to 1 MHz. |
A Guide To Designing Your Own Rogowski Sensor (Part 3)
by Gregory Mirsky, Design Engineer, Deer Park, Ill.
In parts 1 and 2 we discussed designs of the Rogowski coil and integrator. In part 3 we are going to check how the coil and integrator work together as the complete Rogowski sensor through simulation of the previously derived sensor schematic. To verify the sensor’s accuracy, these simulations are carried out for current waveforms over a range of duty cycles and frequencies with different waveshapes and both unipolar and bipolar currents. Read the article…
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR
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The Laplace Transform Is Not Generally Applicable To Functions That Are Nonlinear Or Time Variant
In the November 2023 issue of How2Power Today, Gregory Mirsky discussed the application of the Laplace transform to predict saturation in inductors. As some readers took issue with his methodology, Gregory responded with an article titled, “The Laplace Transform Applies To Nonlinear, Time-Variant Functions Too,” in which he provided some non-power electronics examples to demonstrate the message in the title. In response to this latest article, readers Dan Simon and Dennis Feucht submitted the following letter. Read the full story…
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FOCUS ON MAGNETICS
Sponsored by Payton Planar Magnetics
A monthly column presenting information on power magnetics design, products, or related technology |
Power Magnetics Component Roundup
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by David G. Morrison, Editor, How2Power.com
This article highlights the latest introductions of power magnetic components, presenting news about power inductors, transformers, current sensors, chokes and filters, and magnetic cores introduced over the past six months. In this latest batch of magnetics, battery and electric vehicle (EV) requirements figure heavily. First, we have multiple signal transformers developed to provide isolation in battery management systems, covering EVs but also other applications such as energy storage systems. Additionally, there are inductors targeting onboard chargers (also for EVs) and the usual variety of automotive-grade inductors and chokes targeting a range of automotive subsystems. Some of these components are candidates for broader usage as well in dc-dc converters and power supplies in consumer, industrial and telecom applications. Other notable parts among the recent introductions are space-grade magnetics including planar transformers and common-mode chokes. Read the full article…
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POWER PRODUCTS |
WiBotic’s 1-kW wireless
charging system. |
1-kW System Brings Wireless Charging To Larger Mobile Robots
 Photo: The product uses resonant wireless charging, operating at higher frequencies than inductive charging to deliver power efficiently over longer distances and without the safety and fire risk of heating foreign objects. “With the new 1-kW system, robots will charge at three times the previous speed, opening up a whole new set of applications where fast and ultra-reliable charging is needed.” said Peter King, vice president of Cypher Robotics.
See the full story…
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Frenetic Electronics’
Frenetic Factory magnetics
production service. |
Online Custom Magnetics Design House Launches Speedy Production Service
Table: A worldwide magnetics production facility with plants in the U.S.A., Mexico, Europe, India and China. Frenetic Factory can deliver samples quickly with no minimum order quantities.
See the full story…
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Infineon’s 400-V CoolSiC
MOSFETs. |
400-V SiC MOSFETs Benefit AI Server Power Supplies
Photo: The MOSFETs were specially developed for use in powering AI servers. When these devices are applied in a multi-level PFC, the ac-dc stage of the AI server PSU can attain a power density of more than 100 W/in3 and reaches 99.5% efficiency.
See the full story…
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Qorvo’s UJ4N075004L8S SiC
JFET. |
SiC JFET Brings Efficiency, Small Size And Robustness To Circuit Breakers
Drawing: With an RDS(ON) of just 4 mΩ, this SiC JFET offers the industry’s lowest on-resistance among the 650-V to 750-V class of power devices in standard discrete packages, according to the vendor.
See the full story…
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Power Integrations’
SCALE-iFlex XLT gate drivers. |
Single-Board Plug-And-Play Gate Drivers For 1.2-kV To 2.3-kV Dual IGBT Modules
Table: When compared with conventional gate driver solutions using stacked boards, the gate driver simplifies mechanical design as it fits within the IGBT power module’s footprint.
Drawing: The gate drivers’ NTC temperature readout improves accuracy, increasing reliability and module utilization by up to 30%.
See the full story…
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INDUSTRY EVENT
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Sensors Converge 2024: Where Processing, Sensing And Connectivity Converge
Billed as North America’s largest electronics event for design engineers with over 5000 attending last year, Sensors Converge 2024 will soon be drawing crowds for this year’s event, which will be held June 24-26 at the Santa Clara Convention Center. Featuring 80+ educational sessions and six in-depth workshops delivered by 100+ of the brightest minds in sensor engineering, Sensors Converge will enable attendees to connect directly with like-minded peers on their specific design challenges. Participants will hear about best practices from industry leaders in sensing, processing and connecting, and source the latest products and partners for their exact design projects. Read the full story…
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NEW ON HOW2POWER.COM
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Calendar of Events — Over 300 Listings For 2024
HOW2POWER’s Events Calendar lists selected conferences, tradeshows, workshops and webinars related directly or indirectly to power electronics. Our calendar currently lists over 300 of the electronics industry’s top events for 2024 with more coming soon.
Visit this section …
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A system supplier of efficient powertrain solutions, hofer powertrain has commenced a research project in collaboration with ETH Zurich, focusing on the development of a state-of-the-art multilevel GaN traction inverter.
A partnership will bring SiC power devices based on Soitec’s cutting-edge SmartSiC silicon carbide wafers to X-FAB’s extensive fabless client network with production of the devices at X-FAB’s plant in Lubbock, Texas.
Integrals Power is developing a range of high-performance cathode active materials that will enable batteries, such as those for electric vehicles, to become smaller, lighter, and more durable.
Asahi Kasei has successfully achieved proof of concept of Li-ion batteries using its proprietary high ionic conductive electrolyte. This breakthrough allows for increased power output even at low-temperature, and improved durability at high temperature.
A panel at the recent IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) explored the impact of industry-government co-investments in advanced packaging around the world.
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